Determination of Six Priority Phthalates and Di(Ethylhexyl) Adipate in Maize Tortilla by Gas Chromatography - Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Multiple Reaction Monitoring Mode

Authors

  • Bianey Garcia Lara Chemistry Department, University of Guanajuato
  • Israel Enciso Donis Chemistry Department, University of Guanajuato
  • Katarzyna Wrobel Chemistry Department, University of Guanajuato
  • Kazimierz Wrobel Chemistry Department, University of Guanajuato

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v62i2.359

Keywords:

phthalates, food, tortilla, gas chromatography- mass spectrometry, multiple reaction monitoring

Abstract

The term “phthalates” refers to a group of esters of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, widely used as plasticizers therefore ubiquitous in food and in the environment. Several phthalates have been cataloged as endocrine disruptors and that is why there is a strong demand for their reliable determination, especially in food matrices.  In the present work, gas chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) procedure is proposed for the determination of six priority phthalates (dimethyl phthalate DMP, diethyl phthalate DEP, di(n-butyl) phthalate DBP, benzyl butyl phthalate BBP, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate DEHP, di(n-octyl) phthalate DnOP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate DEHA, in maize tortillas and flour. Fresh tortilla sample was homogenized with acetonitrile/water (1:1) and after salting out (NaCl), hexane extract was obtained and dried by addition of Na2SO4 anhydride. Finally, solvent was evaporated and the residue was reconstituted in isooctane for the injection to GC-MS/MS system; a model SCION GC-TQMS from Bruker Daltonics was used for the analysis. Quantification was carried out by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with the following time segments and m/z values of the precursor/product ion transitions: 0-7.90 min, 163/133 DMP; 7.47-8.53min, 149/121 DEP; 8.53-9.93 min, 149/121 DBP; 9.93-12.39 min, 149/93 BBP; 11.40-12.44 min, 129/111 DEHA; 12.20-13.22 min, 149/121 DEHP; 13.13-14.20 min, 149/121 DnOP. The evaluated method detection limits for seven compounds were in the range 0.11-1.84 µg kg-1 (tortilla dry mass). The results obtained for fifteen tortilla samples purchased in Guanajuato state were as follows: 71.6-420 µg kg-1 DEHP > not detected (nd)-274 µg kg-1 DBP > nd-197 µg kg-1 DEHA > nd-73.2 µg kg-1 DEP > nd-10.6 µg kg-1 DnOP. It was observed that prolonged storage and elevated temperature favored the accumulation of phthalates in tortillas.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Bianey Garcia Lara, Chemistry Department, University of Guanajuato

PhD student

Israel Enciso Donis, Chemistry Department, University of Guanajuato

Chemistry Department, professional academic technician

Katarzyna Wrobel, Chemistry Department, University of Guanajuato

professor of analytical chemistry (profesor titular C), Chemistry Department

Kazimierz Wrobel, Chemistry Department, University of Guanajuato

professor of analytical chemistry (profesor titular C), Chemistry Department

References

Cao, X. L. Comp. Rev. Food Sci. Food Safe. 2010, 9, 21-43.

Bergé, A.; Cladière, M.; Gasperi, J.; Coursimault, A.; Tassin, B.; Moilleron, R. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2013, 20, 8057-8076.

Chen, X.; Xu, S.; Tan, T.; Lee, S. T.; Cheng, S.H.; Lee, F. W. F.; Xu, S. J. L.; Ho, K. C. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11, 3156-3168.

Keith, L.; Telliard, W. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1979, 13, 416-423.

Bernard, L.; Décaudin, B.; Lecoeur, M.; Richard, D.; Bourdeaux, D.; Cueff, R. Talanta 2014, 129, 39-54.

Salazar-Beltrán, D.; Hinojosa-Reyes, L.; Ruiz-Ruiz, E.; Hernández-Ramírez, A.; Guzmán-Mar, J. L. Food Anal. Methods 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-017-0961-8.

Haji Harunarashid, N. Z. I.; Lim, L.H.; Harunsani, M.H. Food Anal. Methods 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-017-0938-7.

Yang, J.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Ruan, J.; Zhang, J.; Sun, C. Trend. Anal. Chem. 2015, 72, 10-26.

Arvanitoyannis, I. S.; Kotsanopoulos, K. V. Food Bioprocess. Technol. 2014, 7, 21-36.

Serodio, P.; Nogueira, J. M. Water Res. 2006, 40, 2572-2582.

Marega, M.; Grob, K.; Moret, S.; Conte, L. J. Chromatogr. A 2013, 1273, 105-110.

Russo, M. V.; Avino, P.; Perugini, L.; Notardonato, I. RSC Adv. 2015, 5, 37023-37043.

Ostrovsky, I.; Cabala, R.; Kubinec, R.; Gorova, R.; Blasko, J.; Kubincova, J.; Rimnacova, L.; Lorenz, W. Food Chem. 2011, 93, 315-322.

Ranjbari, E.; Hadjmohammadi, M. R. Talanta 2012, 100, 447-453.

Xu, D.; Deng, X.; Fang, E.; Zheng, X.; Zhou, Y.; Lin, L.; Chen, L.; Wu, M.; Huang, Z. J. Chromatogr. A 2014, 1324, 49-56.

Cariou, R.; Larvor, F.; Monteau, F.; Marchand, P.; Bichon, E.; Dervilly-Pinel, G.; Antignac, J. P.; Le Bizec, B. Food Chem. 2016, 196, 211-219.

Tan, W.; Zhang, Y., He, X.; Xi, B.; Gao, R.; Mao, X.; Huang, C.; Zhang, H.; Li, D.; Liang, Q.; Cui, D.; Alshawabkeh, A. N. Sci Reports 2016, 6, 31987.

Guo, Y.; Zhang, Z.; Liu, L.; Li, Y.; Ren, N.; Kannan, K. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2012, 60, 6913-6919.

Shen, H. Y. Talanta 2005, 66, 734-739.

Net, S.; Delmont, A.; Sempéré, R.; Paluselli, A.; Ouddane, B. Sci. Tot. Environ. 2015, 515:162-180.

Liu, Y.; Wang, S.; Wang, L. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2013, 61, 1160-1164.

Guo, Z.; Wang, S.; Wei, D.; Wang, M.; Zhang, Z.; Gai, P.; Duan, J. Meat Sci. 2010, 84, 484-490.

Gimeno, P.; Thomas, S.; Bousquet, C.; Maggio, A. F.; Civade, C.; Brenier, C.; Bonnet, P. A. J. Chromatogr. B 2014, 949-950, 99-108.

Serrano, S. E.; Braun, J.; Trasande, L.; Dills, R.; Sathyanarayana, S. Environ. Health 2014, 13, 43-56.

NMX-F-083-1986. Alimentos. determinacion de humedad en productos alimenticios.

United States Consumer Safety Commission: Test Method CPSC-CH-C1001-09.3, 2010. https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/pdfs/blk_media_CPSC-CH-C1001-09.3.pdf. 2010.

United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA): Method 8000D Determinative chromatographic separations. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-12/ documents /8000d.pdf.

Gonzalez Ibarra, A. A.; Wrobel, K.; Corrales Escobosa, A. R.; Torres Elguera, J. C.; Garay Sevilla, M. E.; Wrobel, K. J. Chromatogr. B 2015, 1002, 176-184.

ICH Harmonized Tripartite Guideline. Validation of analytical procedures: text and methodology (Q2/R1), 2012. hhtp://www.ish.org/fileadmin/Public_Web_Site/ICH_Products/ Guidelines/Quality/Q2_R1/Step4/Q2_R1_Guideline.pdf.

Dong W.; Sun B.; Sun J.; Zheng F.; Sun X.; Huang M.; Li H., Food Anal. Methods 2017, 10, 3166-3180.

Guo, Y.; Kannan, K. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2012, 404, 2539-2554.

Schecter, A.; Lorber, M.; Guo, Y.; Wu, Q.; Yun, S. H.; Kannan, K.; Hommel, M.; Imran, N.; Hynan, L. S.; Cheng, D.; Colacino, J. A.; Birnbaum, L.S. Environ. Health Perspect. 2013, 121, 473-479.

Page, B.D.; Lacroix, G. M. Food Addit. Contam. 1995, 12, 129-151.

Cao, X. L.; Zhao, W.; Dabeka, R. Food Addit. Contam. 2015, 32, 1893-1901.

Fierens, T.; Standaert, A.; Cornelis, C.; Sioen, I.; De Henauw, S.; Willems, H.; Bellemans, M.; De Maeyer, M.; Van Holderbeke, M. Environ. Int. 2014, 73, 117-127.

Wold, S.; Esbensen, K. Geladi, P. Chemom. Intell. Systems 1987, 2:37-52.

Sagratini, G.; Fernandez-Franzon, M.; De Berardinis, F.; Font, G.; Vittori, S.; Mañes, J. Food Chem. 2012, 132, 537-543.

Cirillo, T.; Fasano, E.; Castaldi, E.; Montuori, P.; Amodio Cocchieri, R. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2011, 59, 10532-10538.

Downloads

Additional Files

Published

2018-06-06

Issue

Vol. 62 No. 2 (2018): Special Issue on “Modern Analytical Chemistry in Interdisciplinary Research”

Section

Regular Articles

License

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  • Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.