Obtaining Biodiesel by Direct Transesterification of Botryococcus braunii and Coccomyxa subellipsoidea
Obtaining Biodiesel by Direct Transesterification from Microalgae
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v65i3.1430Keywords:
Biodiesel, direct transesterification, microalgae, B. braunii, C. subellipsoidea C-169Abstract
Abstract. Biofuels have been obtained from vegetable oils, animal fats and recently from microorganisms such as algae, bacteria or yeasts that present a significant content of triacylglycerols through a transesterification reaction. Technical problems with biodiesel or agrodiesel (Term recently used, in this work we will use biodiesel), include oxidative stability, cold flow, and increased NOx emissions. The solution to these problems involves the use of additives on the one hand or modifying the fatty acid composition of the microorganisms alternatively, either through changes in the cultivation temperature, addition of nanomaterials, or through genetic modification, to obtain high-quality biofuels. In this work, two species of microalgae with high fatty acid content were obtained, Botryococcus braunii originating from Cuzco, Peru and Coccomyxa subellipsoidea C-169, from Marble Point, Antarctica, both were cultivated under optimal conditions and later direct transesterification was performed to obtaining biodiesel. The main objective was to develop an economical and viable process that allows it to compete with fossil fuels, based on obtaining biomass and the transesterification method. Here, direct transesterification was effective and allows to significantly reduce the problems associated with the increase in costs of obtaining biodiesel, because reduces critical steps, also the biodiesel thus obtained represents an advance in the development of high-quality biofuels, large-scale and inexpensive.
Resumen. Los biocombustibles se han obtenido desde finales del siglo XIX a partir de aceites vegetales, grasas animales y recientemente a partir de microorganismos como algas, bacterias o levaduras que presentan un contenido significativo en triacilgliceroles mediante una reacción de transesterificación. Algunos de los problemas técnicos con el biodiésel o agrodiesel (término usado recientemente, en este trabajo usaremos biodiesel) son: estabilidad oxidativa, flujo en frío y aumento de emisiones de NOx. La solución a estos problemas incluye el uso de aditivos, por un lado, o modificar la composición de ácidos grasos de los microorganismos por otro, ya sea mediante cambios en la temperatura de cultivo, adición de nanomateriales, o mediante modificación genética, para obtener biocombustibles de alta calidad. En este trabajo se utilizaron dos especies de microalgas con gran contenido en ácidos grasos, Botryococcus braunii originaria de Cuzco, Perú y Coccomyxa subellipsoidea C-169, de Punta Mármol, Antártida, ambas fueron cultivadas en óptimas condiciones y posteriormente se realizó la transesterificación directa para obtener el biodiésel. El principal objetivo fue desarrollar un proceso económico y viable, que permita competir con los combustibles fósiles, a partir de la obtención de biomasa y el proceso de transesterificación. La transesterificación directa fue exitosa y permitió reducir significativamente los problemas asociados con el aumento de costos de obtención de biodiésel, ya que reduce pasos críticos del proceso, además el biodiésel así obtenido representa un avance en el desarrollo de biocombustibles de alta calidad, a gran escala y de bajo costo.
Downloads
References
Castillo, O.; Torres-Badajoz, S.; Núñez-Colín, C.; Peña-Caballero, V.; Herrera Méndez, C.; Rodríguez-Núñez, J. Hidrobiológica. 2017, 27, 337-352. DOI: 10.24275/uam/izt/dcbi/hidro/2017v27n3/Rodriguez
Yousuf, A.; Rahman, M.; Khan, M. R.; Islam, M.A.; Wahid, Z.A.; Pirozzi, D. Biotechnol. Lett. 2016, 39, 13-23. DOI: 10.1007/s10529-016-2217-x
Harish, M.; Krishna, S.; Murthy, T. P.; Mathew, B.; Ananda, S. IJERA. 2013, 3, 902-913.
Chisti, Y. Biotechnol. Adv. 2007, 25, 294-306. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2007.02.001
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/agr_outlook-2017-es, accessed in March 2021.
Smith, L.L.; Fox, J.M.; Granvil, D.R.; McVey, J.P. Intensive larviculture techniques. In: CRC Handbook of mariculture. Volume 1. Crustacean Aquaculture. 2°Ed. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 1993, 105-109.
https://doi.org/10.1787/4919645f-en, accessed in March 2021.
Knothe, G. Energy Fuels. 2008, 22, 1358–1364. DOI: 10.1021/ef700639e
Liam, B.; Philip, O. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2010, 14, 557–577. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2009.10.009
Suzuki, R.; Ito, N.; Uno, Y.; Nishii, I.; Kagiwada, S.; Okada, S.; Noguchi, T. PLOS. 2013, 8, e81626. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0081626
Park, J.Y.; Park, M. S.; Lee, Y.C.; Yang, J.W. Bioresour. Technol. 2015, 184, 267–275. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.089
Cao, H.; Zhang, Z.; Wu, X.; Miao, X. Biomed. Res. Int. 2013, 2013, 1-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/930686
Mondala, A.; Liang, K.; Toghiani, H.; Hernandez, R.; French, T. Bioresour. Technol. 2009, 100, 1203-1210. DOI: 100(3):1203-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.08.020.
Qi, J.; Zhu, F.; Wei, X.; Zhao, L.; Xiong, Y.; Wu, X.; Yan, F. Waste Manage. 2016, 49, 212-220. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.01.029
Tatli, M.; Chun, H.; Camp, H.; Li, J.; Cicerone, T.; Shih, W.; Laane, J.; Devarenne, T. J. Mol. Struct. 2017, 1147, 427-437. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.06.126
Metzger, P.; Largeau, C. Chemicals of Botryococcus braunii. Taylor & Francis, London, 1999, 205–260.
Holm-Hansen, O. Phycologia. 1964, 4, 43-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-4-1-43.1
Higashiyama, T.; Noutoshi, Y.; Fujie, M.; Yamada, T. EMBO J. 1997, 16, 3715-3723. DOI: 10.1093/emboj/16.12.3715
Halim, R.; Harun, R.; Danquah, M.; Webley, P. Appl. Energy. 2012, 91, 116–121. DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.08.048
López-Elías, J.: Huerta-Aldaz, N.; Estrada-Durán, G.; Celis-Salgado, M.; De la Re-Vega, E.; Quintero-Arredondo, N.; Estrada-Quintero, J.; Niebla-Larreta, J.; Miramontes-Higuera, N.; García-Quiroz, K.; Rodríguez-Niebla, J.; Carvajal-Sánchez, I.; Velasco-Rameños, J. Biotecnia. 2005, 3, 10-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18633/bt.v11i1.48
Msanne, J.; Xu, D.; Reddy, A.; Casas, J.; Awada, T.; Cahoon, E.; Cerutti, H. Phytochemistry. 2012, 75, 50–59. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.12.007
Beyer, H.; Walter, W. Organic Chemistry, a Comprehensive Degree Text and Sourcebook. 1999, 1037.
Silverstein, R.; Bassler, G.; Morrill, T. Spectrometric identification of organic compounds. 5th ed. New York: John Wiley, 1991, 430.
Antonopoulou, S.; Karantonis, H.C.; Nomikos, T.; Oikonomou, A.; Fragopoulou, E.; Pantazidou, A. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2005, 142, 269-282. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2005.07.007
Karmakar, A.; Karmakar, S.; Mukherjee, S. Bioresour. Technol. 2010, 101, 7201-7210. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.04.079
Parag, S.; Sayali, J.; Joshipurac, H. Procedia Eng. 2013, 51, 395-402. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.01.055
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.