Theoretical Study of Isoindolines to Identify them as Cyclooxygenase-1 and –2 Inhibitors by Docking Simulations
Keywords:
Isoindolines, docking, cyclooxygenase, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, amino acidsAbstract
Abstract. This work describes a theoretical study of two series of isoindolines 1(a-h) and 2(a-h) as possible COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors by Docking method. Whereas, the same study was carried out for isoindolilamides 3-5, which have shown anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, as well as ibuprofen 6 and dihydrodimethylbenzofuran 7, which are well-known as excellent anti-inflammatory. Compounds 6 and 7 were used to identify the active sites on these two enzymes and compared with those obtained from isoindolines under docking studies. The analysis of Docking results show that compounds 1(a-h) and 2(a-h) could inhibit both cyclooxygenases (COXs), due to the fact that they act in the same region as those taken as reference (3-7) make several interactions with the amino acid residues that conform the active sites of both COXs. ΔG values were obtained for all compounds, they are between –9.87 and –6.65 (Kcal/mol, COX-1) and -10.96 and –6.28 (Kcal/mol, COX-2), being COX-1-1h and COX-2-1h complexes more stable. Therefore, Kd (μM) values were obtained, they are in the range of 0.06 and 13.5 in COX-1 and finally the values between 0.01 and 24.7 in COX-2, where 1h shows more affinity to both COX-1 and COX-2.
Resumen. Este trabajo describe un estudio teórico de dos series de isoindolines 1(a-h) y 2(a-h) como posibles inhibidores de COX-1 y COX-2 por el método docking. Además, el mismo método se llevó a cabo para las isoindolilamidas 3-5, las cuales han mostrado efectos anti inflamatorios y analgésicos, así como para el ibuprofeno 6 y dihirodimetilbenzofurano 7, los cuales son bien conocidos como antiinflamatorios. Los compuestos 6 y 7 fueron usados para identificar los sitios activos de estas dos enzimas y comparados con aquellos obtenidos en las isoindolinas por simulación docking. El análisis de los resultados por docking mostraron que los compuestos 1(a-h) y 2(a-h) pudieran inhibir ambas ciclooxigenasas (COXs), debido al hecho a que ellas actúan en la misma región como aquellos usados como referencia (3-7) mostrando varias interacciones con los residuos de los amino ácidos que conforman los sitios activos de ambas COXs. Los valores de ΔG fueron obtenidos para todos los compuestos, se encuentran entre –9.87 y –6.65 (Kcal/mol, COX-1), y –10.96 y –6.28 (Kcal/mol, COX-2), siendo los complejos COX-1-1h y COX-2-1h mas estables. Además, los valores de Kd (μM) fueron obtenidos, están en el intervalo de 0.06 y 13.5 en COX-1 y finalmente los valores entre 0.01 y 24.7 en COX-2, donde 1h muestra más afinidad para ambas COX-1 y COX-2.
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