Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Role of the Aerial Parts of Aconitum violaceum

Authors

  • Farman Ali Khan Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University
  • Sardaraz Khan Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University
  • Nasir Mehmood Khan Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University
  • Hidayatullah Khan University of Science and technology
  • Shahnaz Khan University of Science and technology
  • Shujaat Ahmad Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University
  • Noor Rehman Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University
  • Riffat Aziz Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v65i1.1310

Keywords:

Aconitum violaceum, phytochemical, screening cytotoxic, antimicrobial; antioxidant, cholinesterase inhibition

Abstract

Abstract. In the current studies, crude and subsequent fractions of Aconitum violaceum aerial parts were screened for their toxicity, antimicrobial effects as well as antioxidant potential. Phytochemically, the plant is enriched in alkaloids alongside anthraquinones (present in ethyl acetate fraction (AV3) and saponins (detected in chloroform fraction (AV2). In Brine shrimp lethality assay, AV3 was the most potent (59 %) in killing Artemia naupili larvae at a dose of 1000 µg/mL. AV3 exhibited strongest antimicrobial effect against the bacteria E. coli (80 %) and S. flexneri (76 %) as well as against the tested fungi, A. niger (86 %) respectively. However, chloroform fraction (AV2) was the most effective (almost 90 %) antifungal against A. niger and C. albicans. Overall, strong antioxidant activity was observed for AV3 with IC50 values of 120.04 ± 0.4 µg/mL (65.4 ± 0.01 standard) in DPPH and 125.1 ± 0.3 µg/mL (2.0 ± 0.03 standard) in ABTS free radical assays. AV3 showed promising inhibition against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) 70 ± 0.8 % and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) 57 ± 0.2 % at dose of 100 µg/mL thus confirming a potent invitro cholinesterase inhibitory effect. The overall results indicated strong biological potential of ethyl acetate fraction obtained form A. violaceum and a possible new therapeutic source could be formulated from its pure isolates.

 

Resumen. 

En este estudio, se analizaron debido a su toxicidad, las fracciones crudas y posteriores de las partes aéreas de Aconitum violaceum, sus efectos antimicrobianos y potencial antioxidante. Fitoquímicamente, la planta está enriquecida en alcaloides junto con antraquinonas (presentes en la fracción de acetato de etilo (AV3) y saponinas (detectadas en la fracción de cloroformo (AV2). En el ensayo de letalidad del camarón en salmuera, AV3 fue el más potente (59%) para matar las larvas de Artemia naupili a una dosis de 1000 μg / ml. AV3 mostró el efecto antimicrobiano más fuerte contra las bacterias E. coli (80 %) y S. flexneri (76 %), así como contra los hongos probados, A. niger (86 %) respectivamente. Sin embargo, la fracción de cloroformo (AV2) fue el antifúngico más eficaz (casi el 90%) contra A. niger y C. albicans. En general, se observó una fuerte actividad antioxidante para AV3 con valores de CI50 de 120.04 ± 0.4 μg / ml (65.4 ± 0,01 estándar) en DPPH y 125.1 ± 0.3 μg / mL (2.0 ± 0.03 estándar) en ensayos de radicales libres ABTS. AV3 mostró una inhibición prometedora contra la acetilcolinesterasa (AChE) 70 ± 0.8 % y la butirilcolinesterasa (BChE) 57 ± 0.2 % a una dosis de 100 μg / mL confirmando así un potente efecto inhibidor de la colinesterasa in vitro. Todos los resultados indicaron un fuerte potencial biológico de la fracción de acetato de etilo obtenida de A. violaceum y se podría formular una posible nueva fuente terapéutica a partir de sus aislados puros.  

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Author Biographies

Farman Ali Khan, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University

Department of Chemistry

Sardaraz Khan, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University

Department of Chemistry

Nasir Mehmood Khan, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University

Department of Agriculture

Hidayatullah Khan, University of Science and technology

Department of Chemistry

Shahnaz Khan, University of Science and technology

Department of Chemistry

Shujaat Ahmad, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University

Department of Pharmacy

Noor Rehman, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University

Department of Chemistry

Riffat Aziz, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University

Department of Environmental Sciences

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Published

2021-01-01